Extension remove from magento 2

To remove extension completely from Magento, you need to following things.

1. Remove extension folder from app/code.
2. Remove extension entry from config.php file avilable at app/etc folder of magento.
3. Remove extension entry from "setup_module" table from database.
4. Remove extensin block which you put either in CMS page or CMS block.

Now run the following commands:

php bin/magento cache:clean

php bin/magento indexer:reindex

php bin/magento setup:upgrade

php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy

Magento Terms

Observer
The Observer pattern is a powerful tool for plugging in customizations in key flow areas without overriding core classes and their methods.


$_blockGroup is your module's name.
$_controller is the path to your grid block. 

How Magento ORM works?

ORM stands for Object Relational Mapping. It’s a programming technique used to convert different types of data to Objects and vice versa.

In Magento, ORM is shown as Model (based on Zend Framework’s Zend_Db_Adapter), which further breaks down to two types of Models.

- First is the “simple” i.e. Regular Models which is nothing but flat table or our regular table structure.
- Second Model is EAV (Entity Attribute Value), which is quite complicated and expensive to query.

All Magento Models interacting with database are inherited from Mage_Core_Model_Abstract class, which is further inherited from Varien_Object.

Difference between two Models is, Simple Model is inherited from Mage_Core_Model_Resource_Db_Abstract class, while EAV is inherited from Mage_Eav_Model_Entity_Abstract.

For those who don’t know what EAV is, please read my 3rd answer below.

So, to end up this question,
when you want to get some data in Magento, you call it like this:

1	Mage::getModel('module/model')->load(1);

where 1 is the primary key id for some Regular/Simple table, while in EAV so many tables are joined to fetch just single row of data.

Explain Magento’s MVC architecture

First of all, what is MVC?

MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. Any application that separates it’s data access, business logic and user interface is called MVC. There can be two types of MVC: convention-based and configuration-based. Example, cakePHP is convention-based, i.e. you just need to follow the instructions of the core system to get your module ready in just few lines. Magento is configuration-based, i.e. you need to specify each and every thing to your module’s config file in order to get it work. Magento has controllers (for request/response routing), Block (for rendering content), Model (for business logic), Resource/Mysql4 (for database operations), etc (for module-specific configuration files), Helper (for common functions), sql (for setup scripts), layout (for connecting block with templates for each controller action) and template/.PHTML file (for Presentation i.e. View).

How Magento’s MVC works:

1. When you enter the URL (something like http://loca.lho.st/frontname/controller/method/param1/value1/param2/value2), this URL is intercepted by one PHP file called index.php which instantiates Magento application
2. Magento application instantiates Front Controller object
3. Further, front controller instantiates Router objects (specified in module’s config.xml, global tag)
4. Now, Router is responsible to “match” the frontname which is in our URL
5. If “match” is found, it sees controller name and method name in the URL, which is finally called.
6. Now depending on what is written in action name (method name), it is executed. If any models are called in it, the controller method will instantiate that model and call the method in it which is requested.
7. Then the controller action (method) instantiate the Layout object, which calls Block specified for this action (method) name (Each controller action name have block and template file associated with it, which can be found at app/design/frontend or adminhtml/namespace/module/layout/module.xml file, name of layout file (module.xml) can be found in config.xml of that module, in layout updates tag).
8. Template file (.phtml) now calls the corresponding block for any method request. So, if you write $this->methodName in .phtml file, it will check “methodName” in the block file which is associated in module.xml file.
9. Block contains PHP logic. It references Models for any data from DB.
10. If either Block, Template file or Controller need to get/set some data from/to database, they can call Model directly like Mage::getModel(‘modulename/modelname’).
For diagramatic view: click here (courtsey: Alan Storm)

Magento questions and answers 2

What are the addAttributeToFilter Conditionals in Magento?

 Ans.
In Magento we can use addAttributeToFilter Conditions same as WHERE in SQL
Below are the all condtions

Equals: eq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('status', array('eq' => 1));

Not Equals - neq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('neq' => 'test-product'));

Like - like
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('like' => 'UX%'));

One thing to note about like is that you can include SQL wildcard characters such as the percent sign.

Not Like - nlike
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('nlike' => 'err-prod%'));

In - in
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('in' => array(1,4,98)));

When using in, the value parameter accepts an array of values.

Not In - nin
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('nin' => array(1,4,98)));

NULL - null
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'null');

Not NULL - notnull
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'notnull');

Greater Than - gt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gt' => 5));

Less Than - lt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lt' => 5));

Greater Than or Equals To- gteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gteq' => 5));

Less Than or Equals To - lteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lteq' => 5));


What is EAV in Magento?

EAV, stands for Entity Attribute Value, is a technique which allows you to add unlimited columns to your table virtually. Means, the fields which is represented in “column” way in a regular table, is represented in a “row” (records) way in EAV. In EAV, you have one table which holds all the “attribute” (table field names) data, and other tables which hold the “entity” (id or primary id) and value (value for that id) against each attribute.

In Magento, there is one table to hold attribute values called eav_attribute and 5-6 tables which holds entity and data in fully normalized form,

- eav_entity, eav_entity_int (for holding Integer values),
- eav_entity_varchar (for holding Varchar values),
- eav_entity_datetime (for holding Datetime values),
- eav_entity_decimal (for holding Decimal/float values),
- eav_entity_text (for holding text (mysql Text type) values).

EAV is expensive and should only be used when you are not sure about number of fields in a table which can vary in future. To just get one single record, Magento joins 4-5 tables to get data in EAV. But this doesn’t mean that EAV only has drawbacks. The main advantage of EAV is when you may want to add table field in future, when there are thousands or millions of records already present in your table. In regular table, if you add table field with these amount of data, it will screw up your table, as for each empty row also some bytes will be allocated as per data type you select. While in EAV, adding the table column will not affect the previously saved records (also the extra space will not get allocated!) and all the new records will seamlessly have data in these columns without any problem.

 Difference between EAV and flat model?

EAV is entity attribute value database model, where data is fully in normalized form. Each column data value is stored in their respective data type table. Example, for a product, product ID is stored in catalog_product_entity_int table, product name in catalog_product_entity_varchar, product price in catalog_product_entity_decimal, product created date in catalog_product_entity_datetime and product description in catalog_product_entity_text table. EAV is complex as it joins 5-6 tables even if you want to get just one product’s details. Columns are called attributes in EAV.

Flat model uses just one table, so it’s not normalized and uses more database space. It clears the EAV overhead, but not good for dynamic requirements where you may have to add more columns in database table in future. It’s good when comes to performance, as it will only require one query to load whole product instead of joining 5-6 tables to get just one product’s details. Columns are called fields in flat model.

What is codePool in Magento?

codePool is a tag which you have to specify when registering new module inapp/etc/modules/Company_Module.xml
There are 3 codePools in Magento: core, community and local, which are resided at app/code/ directory.
Core codePool is used by Magento core team, Community is generally used by 3rd party extensions and Local codePool should be used for in-hour module development and overriding of core and community modules for custom requirement.
So in short, codePool helps Magento to locate module inside app/code/ for processing.

 How to set different themes for logged in users?

if(Mage::getSingleton(‘customer/session’)->isLoggedIn()):

Mage::getDesign()->setPackageName(‘package_name’)->setTheme(‘themename’);

endif;

How to get the Total Price of items currently in the Cart?

<?php

       helper(‘checkout’)->formatPrice(Mage::getSingleton(‘checkout/cart’)->getQuote()->getGrandTotal()); 

?>

What are the addAttributeToFilter Conditionals in Magento? - See more at: http://virallangaliya.blogspot.com/p/magento-interview-questions-and-answers.html#sthash.pTQJ94RY.dpuf

In Magento we can use addAttributeToFilter Conditions same as WHERE in SQL
Below are the all condtions

Equals: eq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('status', array('eq' => 1));

Not Equals - neq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('neq' => 'test-product'));

Like - like
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('like' => 'UX%'));

One thing to note about like is that you can include SQL wildcard characters such as the percent sign.

Not Like - nlike
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('nlike' => 'err-prod%'));

In - in
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('in' => array(1,4,98)));

When using in, the value parameter accepts an array of values.

Not In - nin
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('nin' => array(1,4,98)));

NULL - null
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'null');

Not NULL - notnull
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'notnull');

Greater Than - gt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gt' => 5));

Less Than - lt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lt' => 5));

Greater Than or Equals To- gteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gteq' => 5));

Less Than or Equals To - lteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lteq' => 5));
- See more at: http://virallangaliya.blogspot.com/p/magento-interview-questions-and-answers.html#sthash.pTQJ94RY.dpuf

In Magento we can use addAttributeToFilter Conditions same as WHERE in SQL
Below are the all condtions

Equals: eq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('status', array('eq' => 1));

Not Equals - neq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('neq' => 'test-product'));

Like - like
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('like' => 'UX%'));

One thing to note about like is that you can include SQL wildcard characters such as the percent sign.

Not Like - nlike
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('nlike' => 'err-prod%'));

In - in
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('in' => array(1,4,98)));

When using in, the value parameter accepts an array of values.

Not In - nin
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('nin' => array(1,4,98)));

NULL - null
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'null');

Not NULL - notnull
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'notnull');

Greater Than - gt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gt' => 5));

Less Than - lt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lt' => 5));

Greater Than or Equals To- gteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gteq' => 5));

Less Than or Equals To - lteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lteq' => 5));
- See more at: http://virallangaliya.blogspot.com/p/magento-interview-questions-and-answers.html#sthash.pTQJ94RY.dpuf

In Magento we can use addAttributeToFilter Conditions same as WHERE in SQL
Below are the all condtions

Equals: eq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('status', array('eq' => 1));

Not Equals - neq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('neq' => 'test-product'));

Like - like
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('like' => 'UX%'));

One thing to note about like is that you can include SQL wildcard characters such as the percent sign.

Not Like - nlike
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('nlike' => 'err-prod%'));

In - in
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('in' => array(1,4,98)));

When using in, the value parameter accepts an array of values.

Not In - nin
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('nin' => array(1,4,98)));

NULL - null
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'null');

Not NULL - notnull
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'notnull');

Greater Than - gt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gt' => 5));

Less Than - lt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lt' => 5));

Greater Than or Equals To- gteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gteq' => 5));

Less Than or Equals To - lteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lteq' => 5));
- See more at: http://virallangaliya.blogspot.com/p/magento-interview-questions-and-answers.html#sthash.pTQJ94RY.dpuf

What are the addAttributeToFilter Conditionals in Magento?
Ans.
In Magento we can use addAttributeToFilter Conditions same as WHERE in SQL
Below are the all condtions

Equals: eq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('status', array('eq' => 1));

Not Equals - neq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('neq' => 'test-product'));

Like - like
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('like' => 'UX%'));

One thing to note about like is that you can include SQL wildcard characters such as the percent sign.

Not Like - nlike
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('nlike' => 'err-prod%'));

In - in
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('in' => array(1,4,98)));

When using in, the value parameter accepts an array of values.

Not In - nin
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('nin' => array(1,4,98)));

NULL - null
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'null');

Not NULL - notnull
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'notnull');

Greater Than - gt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gt' => 5));

Less Than - lt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lt' => 5));

Greater Than or Equals To- gteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gteq' => 5));

Less Than or Equals To - lteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lteq' => 5)); - See more at: http://virallangaliya.blogspot.com/p/magento-interview-questions-and-answers.html#sthash.pTQJ94RY.dpuf

What are the addAttributeToFilter Conditionals in Magento?
Ans.
In Magento we can use addAttributeToFilter Conditions same as WHERE in SQL
Below are the all condtions

Equals: eq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('status', array('eq' => 1));

Not Equals - neq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('neq' => 'test-product'));

Like - like
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('like' => 'UX%'));

One thing to note about like is that you can include SQL wildcard characters such as the percent sign.

Not Like - nlike
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('sku', array('nlike' => 'err-prod%'));

In - in
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('in' => array(1,4,98)));

When using in, the value parameter accepts an array of values.

Not In - nin
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('nin' => array(1,4,98)));

NULL - null
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'null');

Not NULL - notnull
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('description', 'notnull');

Greater Than - gt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gt' => 5));

Less Than - lt
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lt' => 5));

Greater Than or Equals To- gteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('gteq' => 5));

Less Than or Equals To - lteq
$_products->addAttributeToFilter('id', array('lteq' => 5)); - See more at: http://virallangaliya.blogspot.com/p/magento-interview-questions-and-answers.html#sthash.pTQJ94RY.dpuf